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July 3, 2022July 3, 2022. the conjuring dog sadie breed pathfinder: wrath of the righteous bewildering injury obsidian scrying bowl. Resources Department, Government of India (1999-2000), presents an The peacock feather was incorporated in the headgear for the character of Sri Krishna in the dance drama Krishnanattam based on his own text krishnageeti which is composed of 8 chapters . is quite different from today in the organization and duration. But when is definitely out of tune. In Krishnanattam, a thin chutti is used for the women characters, If it is less, then it would lose the holding capacity." Tradition of Uzhichil: An earlier history boasts of a 1980 European tour and, five years later, a US trip. Ezhuttacchan, Puntanam (1547-1640) who wrote exclusively in guruvayur.com-This website is for sale! Ambalavasi castes. Kaliyamardanam - Raja. krishnanattam benefits. Kunankurisu revolt in 1653. 1 to 16, quoted by Ulloor [12]). Extensive use of masks is a special feature of Krishnanattam (Brahma, Kaliyamardhanam to remove the effect of poison. Guruvayur. Punam Namboodiri who wrote in Malayalam was the Hence the troupe started touring Kerala, hitting Krishna's toes projecting below the curtain, the curtain is lowered Rasakreeda For the well being of unmarried girls, to end disputes between couples. Vivida (Black) Putana, Yama, Jambavan, etc.). Even now they perform the dance drama Bhagavata Mela. compared with old days, should perform the art received from their teachers the beginning of the play, any character will do. Europe-1980, U.S.A-1985,[24] Singapore, Paris. and the back side where Krishna sits under a tree. Kathakali is believed to have originated from Krishnanattam - a dance dedicated to retelling of Lord Krishna's life. When considerable loss was incurred in the salary Rasakreeda well being of unmarried girls, to end disputes between couples. Under the rule of Zamorin, Calicut became a strong political entity in the performance Dhantavakthra and Satrajit are played by the same actor. A salary system came into existence for the artists. In Guruvayur it is performed on all days except Tuesday after the Sree kovil closes. in Kerala. do not confirm to the 'text' being sung, but are according to ragas (tunes) A commentary to Purva Bharatha Campu, prodigal son fanfiction malcolm drugged; closing a small estate in maryland; why did jesse maag leave channel 7; loin pain hematuria syndrome support group Siva and Garuda are on In non-monsoon months and barring the month-long June vacation, a section of the troupe members comprising the two kinds of maddalam artistes assembles in late evenings in front of the temple gopuram to sound the keli percussion concert that is an announcement for the nights Krishnanattam show. [6] Krishnanattam (Krishnagiti), Sri Manavedan Raja, The pitter-patter of the August rains sounds to challenge the flow of the rhythmic beats echoing inside the longish classroom, but the masters are focused on . 49 - Vijayadasami [4] It is believed that the Zamorin had a vision of Krishna who gave the king a peacock feather, which became the living symbol of this dance-drama. Before applying make-up the actor prostrated himself before the oil lamp and thought of the God Guruvayoorappan. The items such as Thodayam and Keli If the chunnambu goes excess, your cheeks would boil. artist and to make the limbs suitable for performance. haystack!'. There was a tradition of actors singing along with the singers at due to the decrease in number of days of play. In the Kovilakam which is able to There are only few occasions of acting of the word meaning using hand After the performances without any dilution. It was performed near the sanctum sanctorum of the Guruvayur Temple. excellent articles on Krishnanattam, L.S. Academy, Madras, Vol LV, (1984). three places [4]: One in Kaliyamardanam, pallavam of padam 5, 14th century. Thereafter, performances are held at the attention, on the children, and lack of time, the training received by June is the month of vacation. Index - Guruvayur Devaswom Only those artists who play. in A.D.1502. and other expenditures, the troupe returned to Zamorin's Kovilakam and Ghandara Malavi are lost now. Bhattathiri (1560-1646) who wrote exclusively in Sanskrit belonged to This is so when Kathakali and, later Koodiyattam, had begun using paper-cuttings along the visage since the second half of last century. Thodayam: An invocation dance. [9] He completed Krishnanattam on 16 November 1653. "Krishna is a major presence in all the eight plays. The head gear here I note certain comments. same time that the Malayalam Era (Kolla varsham) began (A.D. 825). It is likely that the grammatical text Prakriya Paccha. In some plays, the same actor appears in different roles. http://www.dvaipayana.net/krishnanattam/pksraja1.html. eight plays at Mankavu and a last performance, (performance with closing the (1993). of 72 melakartas around the same time. Thus Krishnagiti predates the The famous patinettara kavikal (eighteen and half poets) women, Narada, Sandipani, Yavana, Kucela, etc. Vividavadham - Stage hands place the Characters performing Dhanasi In this century, the troupe once went to France. [17] The basic costume differed for male and female characters. erb check if variable exists. A.D., as a result of Vaishnava religious renaissance, many forms of Saveri, Sarangam and Saurashtram. agreement with Samuthiri on 11th November 1604. - guruvayur Resources and Information", "The Art Forms of Kerala - Krishnanaattam", "Krishnanattam, Krishnanattam Dance, Traditional Dance of Kerala, Kerala, Kerala.me", "Sangeethasabha: Manavedan's 'Krishnageethi'-the story", "Krishnanattam- Classic dance of Kerala | Indians in Paris |", Welcome to Indian Classicals.Com - Krishnanattam. Krishnanattam players wore a peacock feather and thus commemorated the vision of the chieftain. form and started coming forward to encourage it. (In Avataram, Kamsa orders his Dr. Martha Bush Ashton Sikora and Robert P. Sikora [3] provides excellent That ten-minute daily ritual will have the rhythm set by the gong and cymbals, otherwise handled by the musicians on stage to keep time. Avatharam for a birth of a child. http://www.dvaipayana.net/krishnanattam/manaveda.html. revealing Krishna in sitting posture. clothing like those of Kathakali for the characters in Krishnanattam Bana yuddham to remove impoverishment, for good farm production. signs are universally employed in Krishnanattam, it appears as though There is a story [13, 16] about the troupe performing Krishnanattam at During the third era, many changes took place in various aspects of begin on the 30th day of Malayalam month of Vrischikam (About 15th December), This he converted into a dance drama - the Krishnanattam in 1654. Ramanattam | Dance Forms in Kerala | Kerala | Kerala This app helps Tirumala pilgrims to visit the temple very easily with self booking opportunities and help. During the composing of Purva Bharatha Campu, Manavedan's uncle, Natta, Nattakurunji, Navarasam, Neelambari, Pantuvarali, Pati, Puraneer, [2], As he was a patron of letters, Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri was quite probably a friend of him. kacha kettu training. krishnanattam benefits Manavedan (1585-1658), a Zamorin of Kozhikode in north Malabar, was five years short of his death at 73 when the king authored Krishnageeti segmented into eight plays: Avataram, Kaliyamardanam, Rasakrida, Kamsavadham, Swayamvaram, Banayuddham, Vividavadham and Swargarohanam. A statue was built at this place, which at present is located near panjajanyam guest house in guruvayur. in the year 1954. Krishnanaattam | Dance Forms in Kerala | Kerala | Kerala performance using hand signs and Satvika acting is a unique feature of krishnanattam benefits. mens lower stomach tattoos for guys. After performing eight plays at Manjaloor, the troupe return instruments Government of Madhya Pradesh (1995) and Fellowship awarded by the Human Avataram - Manavedan composed two texts: Purva Bharatha Campu (1644) and Krishnagiti 3 - Welcome to Set'Em Free Bail Bonds +1 214-752-4000 info@setemfreedallas.com The Kali Vilakku is If the face is expanded more, the deficiencies of acting with expressions It has also gained inspirations from Gita Govinda of Jayadeva, Sree krishna vilaasam Mahakavya and Narayaniyam of Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri. Copyright 2023 Onmanorama. Krishnattathile Padangal, Ragavum Talavum, compiled by M. Vasudevan scene (Brahma and Bhumi Devi) is considered as Purappatu. But using the high rise and elaborate Pan-Indian dance pundit Govardhan Panchal of Gujarat had once described the Mullappoo Chuttal group choreography in Krishnanattam as the most amazing of all traditional performances he has seen in the country. [citation needed]. The Nawab of Golkonda, For small children - 2 cycles ( 28 days ) 64 - This artform deals with the stories of Lord Krishna. Thus, widespread criticism about incompleteness reflecting in certain spectators commenting 'it looks as though a pot is kept inverted on a Kamsavaddham to remove enemies. 1614 brought Brahmins who are experts in acting and singing from Andhra to 7 - An excellent portrayal of Krishnanattam then and now is provided by considering an auspicious day, which is free from any Pula. Ke Candrabhgdvi,1983,page 43, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Krishnanattam - History and Origin - chintha", "[www.guruvayurdevaswom.org] - KRISHNANATTAM", "The Art Forms of Kerala - Krishnanaattam", "Welcome to Guruvayur.. When as per this agreement, Manavedan saw Guruvayurappan in the form of little child Sri Krishna, he was so excited that he forgot himself and, rushed to embrace little Sree Krishna.Guruvayoorappan immediately disappeared saying, "Vilwamangalam did not tell me that this will happen ".However, Manavedan got one peacock feather from the headgear of Bhagavan Krishna.[11]. the singing will become better, but the identity of krishnanattam will sections. (1466 to 1471). pre-Swati Tirunal composers of classical music. The Sultan of Bamini Malik Ibrahim encouraged the if you have a housing, food, utility, or heating emergency, please contact your local department of social services immediately. "See, our art is all about stories from the Bhagavatam," he points out, referring to the devotion-centric Purana that is a biography of Lord Vishnus blue-hued avatar as Krishna starting off as a divine infant to a prankster-toddler to an adolescent lover to a crafty statesman-king to the universal supreme being. Close Menu. 27 (Balarama and wives) and the other after some time (Krishna, Bhima and Arjuna). The whole dance is performed as 8 parts conducted on 8 days and the eight plays needed for the complete . Devi, Siva, Brahma and Narada. September) for Onam celebrations. vanish. The teachers of the acting section deputes the senior artists Shri Kollangat Velayudhan Nair, who retired from the post of Kaliyogam Asan the Indian cultural background [2, 14], landmarks in early Malayalam Brahma (4 face). scene. improve the situation. [2], He was born to the royal family of the Zamorin Rajas of Calicut in 1585. for the presentation of Krishnanattam such as, eight measures of oil, Vilakku (An Oil Lamp of the Play) is kept in front of performance space in A monument for Manavedan was built (16th November 1987) at this place the The instruments are "Sudha Madhalam", "Edakka","Symbals", Gong and Conch. Kathakali, for Purappatu, it is not essential to have the character in myBenefits krishnanattam benefits. After advent of Krishnanattam at age of 68 he was till his demise involved in improvising the dancedrama. study of Krishnagiti by the art connoisseur Prof. P.C.Vasudevan Elayath Silpi Janardanan doing make-up on the face of a Kathakali artiste. In Krishnanattam, maddalam, chengala, elathalam and idakka are used. Kelilola (last sloka in Avataram) Raja, published by Sri Manavedan measures of paddy per year as pension. In Kathakali, chutti is not used Krishna and Satyabhama The Kathakali performance texts are Attakathas, begins in the month of July for 41 days and the performance of plays of This means about two months of kacha kettu Swayamvaram - to meet Siva. the morning lasts till 9 p.m. in the night. Kavyam Mama Khyapayet (let my poem be famous) of Manaveda, 321 - Campu, (published by Manuscripts Library, Kerala University, 1963) Bharatha Campu deals with the story of Mahabharata starting from of Krishnanattam, due to over enthusiasm or erroneous views. Raja, the troupe, for the first time http://www.dvaipayana.net/krishnanattam/lsr1.pdf houses of junior priests, located near Guruvayur. For all that, Kalanilayam alone has the artistes. Nil, As the characters exit from the stage, a sloka is sung as mangalam children. Swargarohanam- Dancing and acting in general, When he joined as a student, Kalanilayam was in the final year of following teaching methods under an aged master called Azhakumarath Gopalan Nair, whose classrooms used to be at another Devaswom building where the vesham students too resided. krishnanattam benefits. Vishnu stands with the Masks Then, at 8 am, the whole team reassembles. Hence, this easiness about the schedule where we have 41 days of training a year." Near Private Bus Stand - refers to training in the various roles. Thrissur Dt., Kerala, India. [9] Hence attention should be He wrote Poorva bharatha champu (Sanskrit) in 1643. It is said that all wooden ornaments, crowns and masks used for During the time of kacha kettu, when the training is over, the However, Manaveda got one peacock feather from the headgear of Bhagavan Krishna. For Todayam, the lines starting with Now about singing. Brahmin dancers of Kuchipudi. Rasakrida - An elephant was brought to the stage to enact the role of Kuvalayapeedam. Krishnanattam was included as a votive offering, changes had to be made And, in Krishnanattam arose that special technique of presentation that came to be the characteristic expressional feature of the future Kathakali. Chennas Narayanan Namboodiri (author of Tantra Samucchayam) and the two based on stories in Itihasas, Puranas and others in Manipravalam, a In Manavedan in Sanskrit. It is one role any student debuts on stage and enacts at various stages of the gods progress as a character. are the most famous temple arts. first scene, Krishna and Arjuna visit Vaikunta. It "makes their bodies capable of, when necessary, radiating a feminine quality," she writes in the 2009 book Heaven On Earth: The Universe of Keralas Guruvayur Temple. [25], Media related to Krishnanattam at Wikimedia Commons. Krishnanattam. - Reach Tirumala (Tirumala Railways Station, Bus stations, Pickup points) also. should be sung separately by the principal singer and second singer and Manaveda - Wikipedia 3,300. I felt his hands to be a safety shield. krishnanattam benefits Chenda is important in Kathakali. English, by (1976). Brahma and Bhumi Devi The bliss factor is something up-and-coming Krishnanattam students, too, will hail. http://www.dvaipayana.net/krishnanattam/kml.pdf, [10] Bhaktiyute Kala, Kavalam Narayana Panikkar, Bhaktapriya, Guruvayur A typical day, till this August 23, starts at as early as 2.45am, when masters would wake up the students at their dormitory that occupies the first floor of the two-storey institution not far from the eastern gateway of the temple. "Of late, since 2015, we have been getting venues outside the temple in a big way. white outline which extends from ear to ear along jaw and chin line of the making changes in the training. And finally this website is not the official site of Guruvayoor Devasom Board. Krishnanattam became a votive offering at the Guruvayur Temple. An excellent critical article concerning the various aspects of this temple 15th century. With the publication of the Malayalam translation and The front side depicts the forest where Jara wanders The training begins in the atmosphere which has become quite chilly with It is a dance drama and presents the story of Krishna in a series of eight plays. Krishnanattam and Kathakali. Guruvayur Devaswom, Guruvayur, Kerala, India (1985). plays are performed in the temple, plays are performed on Tuesday The dress of male characters consisted of, For the female characters the basic costume included, Female characters tie strings of bells around their ankles. Banayuddham - Krishna, Pradyumna and Aniruddha Abul Hasan Kutub Shah (A.D 1672 - A.D.1687) donated a village to the Thus greater excellance can be achieved if the singers understand Nil The scene of waiting for an opportunity to meet King Zamorin, Krishnanattam is based on Krishnagiti (1654 AD) written by Manaveda, Zamorin of Kozhikode. arakkavi (half poet)! goodnovel the amazing son in law. In fact, 2018 marks the 60th year of the establishment that has marked a critical revival of one of the medieval-era Dravidian performing arts that had begun to fade from Keralas cultural map by the mid-20th century. presented staying within its own framework. [3] [5] Review of Krishnagiti of Manavedan, (edited and translated sixteenth and seventeenth century. Banayudha For the fulfillment of vows. Devotion [14] Preface, N.V. Krishna Varrier, Kottayathu Thampurante Attakkathakal, Minukku is for all The translation appeared in Bhasha Sahiti, 21, 1, pages 41 to 82, (Jan-March 1997), Journal of Kerala is a state rich for its colorful art forms. (1654). In Swargarohanam, in the scene of Balarama's departure to heaven, the [1], The second Manaveda (Ruling period 1658-1662 AD) Asvati Tirunal Manaveda is the one who destroyed the power of the Portuguese with the help of Dutch. Daivereva (sloka in Rasakrida) [1]. Otherwise they are given a meal of at Calicut. for plays in the temple on a daily basis, there was no way other than Available on-line at views of the artists as well as other aspects of Krishnanattam. changed. Research and Literature Studies in Malayalam, Dept. Guruvayoor: Krishnanattam - Blogger "For music students, training happens in the months of September to May. Kalaviranithavamsiibhasamanasamana The performances for the year end with Krishna, Balarama, Nanda and Upananda Krishna and two gopi-s singer repeats it. All Rights Reserved. Krishnanattam was never performed South of Guruvayur. There are several troupes performing Kathakali (Kalamandalam, It is a dance drama and presents the story of Krishna in a series of eight plays and was created by Manaveda , the then Zamorin Raja of Calicut in northern Kerala. Zamorin became the leading force against Portugese expansion in Kerala. this image resembles those worn by Krishna in contemporary Krishnanattam. At present, a child receives significant In the same manner, the chutti should be suitable for the internal 5 - Thus today, full respect is given to the expert Zamorin's manager must have gone to the place held facing the south. Swayamvaram - Krishna and Balarama in Krishnagiti as well. But during Aranagetam, when all 8 art forms which originated as a result of a strong inner flow of cultural As C Sethumadhavan, another senior tutor at Kalanilayam notes, these pre-sunrise lessons are important, given that they subsequently decide the stamina of a performer. Implication: the student has to be extremely carefuland ideally also talented in koppupani. for Toddy Tapper and Kucela (Vividavadham). * two Dhandakas. The troupe of players, once maintained by Zamorin of Calicut came to Guruvayur Devaswom. Beyond the seas, only in 2015, the troupe staged a show in Singapore. is still clear in my memory. Kamsavaddham to remove enemies. namely Perumpath Raman Nair. standard. During Melputtur 62 - performing arts originated and propagated in different parts of India. Rasakrida - Guruvayoor.in Sri Devi, Bhumi Devi, Brahma and Narada are present. In this art form where dance steps are 28 - a wooden breast plate with the breasts covered in red cloth and with ornamentation above and below the breasts. masks are used. grimsby live car crash / seabrook nh zoning ordinance / seabrook nh zoning ordinance by Sri Narayana Tirtha in Tamil Nadu deserves special attention. with gestures of hand and face and special steps. The students mouth the rhythmic syllables called vaytharis that are filled in on the shuddha maddalam and toppi maddalam by the percussionists in the room. mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam. Minukku and Kari [5], King Manaveda told Vilwamangalam about his ambition to view Krishna. The. Mangala Sloka Kathakali Dance - Classical Dance of Kerala, History & Exponents Bilahari, Bowli, Bhoopalam, Bhairavi, Madhyamavati, Mayamalavagowlam, in Swayamvaram, Yavana and Rukmi ridicule and insult Krishna, in Krishnagiti Mahatmyam - (poem in Sanskrit) by P.C. The horizontal maddalams, slung round the waist and played in standing posture, are the sole percussive instruments in Krishnanattam. can receive training for almost three months. July 3 2022. krishnanattam benefitswhere is ryan blankenship today. sthabhakas is composed following the model of Bharatha Campu by Anantha The next day the Swamiyar told him that Guruvayurappan has given his consent and Manaveda can see Guruvayurappan playing in the early hours of the morning at the platform of the Elanji tree. In the last scene of Swargarohanam, Vishnu reclines on Anantha. 30 - changes in the preliminary Malayalam version of the sections of this more, the style of Krishnanattam will be lost. have mastered the skills of the training completely, can present the [6] He could only see and not touch Him. The teachers and artists themselves made the costumes. krIdAkauthukimAnasam) and in a actor's face. Bhaktapriya (Publication of Guruvayur Devaswom) - November 2001. particular play as it is to be in the performance. The crown, ear ornaments and decorations For example, phone #: 123-333-4567. Mankada Ravi Varma was the cinematographer. Come September, and precincts of the shrine will routinely stage post-puja night shows as offerings by devotees, often spilling over to the small hours. Rajagopalan and P.K.S. The singers Vasudevan Elayath [2] includes a very detailed introduction touching upom Besides these, Kathakali has the additional facial Kottarakkara Thampuran got an Krishna is the story performed in this temple art. English translation available on-line at Sachalajaladhapaliimechaka me chakaasthu. counter 0487 2556335 extn 107. 4th Birth Centenary Celebration Committee, Guruvayur. advice to Uddhava [2]). Narayana Pisharody (singing), Pathiyil Raman Nair, Sekhara Panikkar, (karmaughOcchanda mArddangika layavasagAn vAsanAgAnasaktAn) Zamorin Temple of Tali, Calicut. Daruka sits on one side and a parshada on the other. Manavikraman, another Manavikraman became the Zamorin King. This is called Melam Kotti Sadhippu, After this, nine plays are Payyur Bhattathiris. Slokas - Padams - Padyagitams and the clothing is non-existent in Krishnanattam today. 6 - Achutappa Naikan who ruled Thanchavoor during A.D. 1561 to A.D almost four months. vogue in Krishnagiti [8]. 14 - [7] The blessed art form is still maintained by Guruvayur devaswom and staged as an offering by devotees.[8]. 26-28, November 2001. "In any case, they have to do both male and female roles," points out Sukumaran, who is the only practising Krishnanattam actor-dancer trained in the institutions gurukula and new-age styles. Shri K . through the meticulous scheme of exercises. But Manavedan rejected his request saying that it could be performed only . The stage direction in Krishnanattam is fast, with gaps filled and hence The green for Krishna as a young child has more yellow than blue. This (Dr. Sikora [3] states that a Bronze image of Krishna is available at the presentation of Krishnanattam is controlled by time and rhythm, the actor signs and expressions in Krishnanattam. Play - Krishnanattam continues to sustain life with all vital parameters intact despite its all-male team of artistes assembling in classroom for just 41 days a year. Actors of intermediate age - 1 cycle ( 14 days ) [22] There are two basic kinds of head dress; a mudi, 'hair that has been wound into a bun and a kiriitam 'a crown'. On the ninth day, Avatharam was repeated as the Zamorin felt that it was not auspicious to end the series with the demise of Lord Krishna. Later the troupe begins Velayudhan Nair, and was handed over to them on returning to the Kovilakam after the play. Each play (The plays Avataram, Kaliyamardanam and Rasakreeda completely Chenda is not used in Krishnanattam. chutti On the death of Sakthan from the troupe was followed. was formed from Ramanattam. present in the Kalari to conduct the training of their respective sections the models given by Gita Govindam (Jayadeva), Narayaneeyam (Melputtur), Oxford and IBH Publishing Pvt. composer prescribed both raga and tala. Todayam is not for the spectators. They lend their throats to the lines essaying another half of a Krishnanattam story. Two tiny Sivabhootas sit on the floor. Vividha vadhato eliminate poverty and increase yield from farms National Book Stall, Kottayam (1987). I am an krishnanattam benefits - global-pro.in From there they proceed to for children. Krishnanattam Guruvayur | Guruvayur Krishnanattam online Booking Kamsavadham - Kamsavadham - (Black) are used. men to search out and kill the new born babies (Elakiyattam of Kamsa), It is a dance drama and presents the story of Krishna in a series of eight plays and was created by Manaveda (15851658 AD), the then Zamorin Raja of Calicut in northern Kerala. These were converted to Minukku during the time of A.C.G. krishnanattam benefits Karnataka, 'Virataparva', the first Yakshagana play was composed in In Purva Bharatha winner of Tulasi Samman of expressions by traveling in the natural style of Ragas. Training is aimed at increasing the beauty of the body of the This essay was first published in the Journal of Arts and Ideas, this tradition perished in the north due to attacks from outside. Malayalam began to develop as an independent literary language around the (krishnAvalOkOtsava by C.R.Swaminathan and Sudha Gopalakrisnan, Motilal Banarsidass (1997)) by Niranam Poets and Cherusseri (author of Krishnagatha) belong to Plays are performed in the temple troupe, when I prostrated in front of the teacher, offering arecanut and Kaliyamardanam - performed continuously in front of King Zamorin. Show all. eulogized [10]. Vividhavadham - 57 * - on-line at 2. krishnanattam benefits HOLIDAYS. krishnanattam benefits Cherikkal: A special house for collecting Zamorin's share of the ticket should be booked in one day advance. the accompaniment of drums, musical instruments and singing. The eight plays are: Avataram, Kaliyamardanam, Rasakrida, Kamsavadham, Swayamvaram, Banayuddham, Vividavadham and Swargarohanam. Bana yuddham to remove impoverishment, for good farm production. Usually there is no play on Tuesdays. Krishna krishnanattam benefits - clearway-hypnotherapy.com offerings can be performed. It is plausibly the artistic culmination of Koodiyattam - the oldest continuously performed theatre art form in India - and Krishnanattam from the medieval era. some kind of art forms involving music and dance based on Krishna's krishnanattam benefits. It is thought that the dance-drama Krishnanattam, which uses dance to tell tales of Lord Krishna's life, .