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Foo, D., Sarna, M., Pereira, G., Moore, H. C. & Regan, A. K. Longitudinal, population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood. Klein, N. P. et al. Omicron data in UK is 'enormously worrying,' immunologist says "In the last two weeks, no fewer than 80% of admissions were below the age of 50 years. We, therefore, were unable to assess whether maternal infection provided some protection to their infants. Med. COVID-19associated signs and symptoms included respiratory symptoms (congestion or runny nose, cough, hemoptysis or bloody sputum, shortness of breath or respiratory distress, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and wheezing) and non-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, altered mental status or confusion, anosmia or decreased smell, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysgeusia or decreased taste, fatigue, fever or chills, headache, muscle aches or myalgias, nausea or vomiting, rash, and seizures). ** Total hospitalizations include data from selected counties in 14 COVID-NET states irrespective of vaccination status and includes adults with partial or unknown vaccination status. Vaccine 35, 58505857 (2017). CDC twenty four seven. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021, Canadian public health case/contact testing was scaled back due to high infection rates with milder symptoms in a highly vaccinated population. It is possible that our exclusion criteria may have resulted in a final sample that may not be reflective of all KPNC infants. endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S.
Zerbo, O., Ray, G.T., Fireman, B. et al. The difference between the two studies might be due to population characteristics and the timing of follow-up as ours went through May 31, 2022, while the Norwegian study ended in April 2022. 383, 26032615 (2020). Am. Internet Explorer). Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in calculations but are included in previous weeks. As a result, the number of total hospitalizations exceeds the sum of unvaccinated adults, adults who received a primary series without a booster or additional dose, and adults who received a primary series with a booster or additional dose. Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis within the previous 12 months of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. Initial hospital data from England and Denmark also suggest Omicron cases are less severe. However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . **** ICU admission and IMV are not mutually exclusive categories, and patients could have received both. Although all data used in this analysis were anonymised, the individual-level nature of the data used risks individuals being identified, or being able to self-identify, if the data are released publicly. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). Polack, F. P. et al. Risk of hospitalisation associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in Denmark: an observational cohort study. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in National influenza and COVID-19 surveillance report: 27 January 2022 (week 4). If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. of Omicron-infected patients with a high rate of vaccination in China. During the Delta period, we found that protection extended through the infants first 6 months of life. The second study, led by Office for National Statistics researchers in Wales, involved death rates and risk factors in adults in England who had received an mRNA booster at least 14 days before Dec 31, 2021. Correspondence to Data requests may be sent to Kaiser Permanente Division of Research: DOR.IRB.Submissions@kp.org. Gordon, N. & Lin, T. The Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult member health survey. We take your privacy seriously. Baden, L. R. et al. PubMed volume14, Articlenumber:894 (2023) These trends could result in epidemic phase bias if infection severity is correlated with time from infection to test. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. 3501 et seq. B., Lewis. Libby Reeg reports grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. J., Fireman. The stats are for COVID-associated hospitalizations, which may include people for whom COVID-19 was not the primary reason for admission. During the study period, home testing became more prevalent. A study from the U.K. government, published last week, found that three doses of vaccine. TN, NMF, WH, and SA wrote the software. We observed that infants protection through vaccination during pregnancy decreased as they aged from 2 months to 6 months. Mortal. J. Med. For infants, we included age, as a categorical time-changing variable in 30-day increments. Several conditions, including cancer of the blood or bone marrow and dementia, were associated with HRs greater than 3. Nature. Children and COVID-19: state data report. Percentages presented were weighted to account for the probability of selection for sampled cases (3). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA Intern. Individual and neighborhood factors associated with failure to vaccinate against influenza during pregnancy. Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early Omicron variant period compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periodsUnited States, December 2020January 2022. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in Israel's second-largest . COVID-19 hospitalization rates per 100,000 population by age and vaccination status, January 05 to February 01, 2023 Age group Age-specific rate per 100,000 among unvaccinated individuals Age-specific rate per 100,000 among those who received at least one booster dose Likelihood of unvaccinated individuals being hospitalized with By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Vaccinated patients were older (68 vs. 57 years), and 62% had at least one comorbidity Admission to the ICU was 20%, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 14%. In supplemental analyses by trimester of vaccination, receipt of the second dose during the second and third trimesters reduced the risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during the Delta dominant period by 91% (95% CI: 63, 98) and 85% (95% CI: 50, 96), respectively, during the first 2 months of life, by 59% (95% CI: 21, 79) and 67% (95% CI: 37, 83) during the first 4 months of life and by 64% (95% CI:31, 81) and 53% (95% CI: 24, 71) during the first 6 months of life. Gynecol. Google Scholar. Additional COVID-NET methods for determining vaccination status have been described previously. The average age of participants was 60.8 years, and 92.0% were White. Dis. A free-text field for other types of residences was examined; patients with an LTCF-type residence were also categorized as LTCF residents. ; COVID-NET Surveillance Team. Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines. First, COVID-19associated hospitalizations might have been missed because of hospital testing practices and test availability. * Overall rates are unadjusted; rates presented by racial and ethnic group are age-adjusted. However, linking is sometimes not possible because CDC does not receive personally identifiable information about vaccine doses. Sect. * Data are from a weighted sample of hospitalized nonpregnant adults with completed medical record abstractions and a discharge disposition. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the study population and calculated crude rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization by maternal vaccination status. Because the immune status of all patients is not known, an additional dose (recommended for persons with a weakened immune system) cannot be distinguished from a booster dose. We were not able to evaluate more detailed measures of relative clinical severity in hospitalised patients (such as intensive care unit admittance), but our finding that estimated severity reductions comparing omicron with delta are larger for more severe endpoints (death and hospital admission versus hospital attendance) agrees with observations that the proportion of hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation (or both) has been substantially lower during the omicron wave in England than the preceding delta wave. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy during the preceding 12 months. Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles are deeply flawed. Additional limitations include the inability to estimate the effectiveness of vaccines received prior to pregnancy onset. From Jan 1 to Mar 16, 2022, when Omicron was predominant, 4,781 (0.02%) of 19,473,570 booster recipients died of COVID-19, and 58,020 (0.3%) died of other causes. Age was the most important risk factor for COVID-19 death (eg, HR, 31.3 for an 80-year-old vs a 50-year-old). This preceded and had no relation to COVID-19, and GD had no role in and received no funding from the project. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Overall, the study results support recommendations for vaccination during pregnancy to protect both mothers and their infants. Mothers were classified as either having had 2 doses or one dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (and completed more than 14 days prior to delivery) or not having had any COVID-19 vaccines prior to delivery. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Jackson, M. L. & Nelson, J. C. The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness. These data should be taken with a grain of salt. All authors (O.Z., B.F., N.P.K., T.R., M.G., E.L., P.R., K.G., S.O., and E.L.) critically reviewed the manuscript and decided to proceed with publication. In the US, as of the end of September 2022, almost 15 million children ages <18 years have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cite this article. This is consistent with data showing the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results or death from COVID-19 is higher among unvaccinated adults and adults who have not received a booster than among those who have received a booster or additional dose (5). The aim of the secondary design was to compare the results of the cohort with TND. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. Accessed March 10, 2022. 61) indicates a lower risk of hospitalisation with omicron versus delta, averaging over all age groups and vaccination strata. Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2023 Regents of the University of Minnesota. NMF, MC, GD, DDA, AMP, and ST handled project administration. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Severe cases may increase in the wake of holiday parties where people of all ages mixed. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. They, as well as vaccinated people who are immunocompromised and at higher risk of severe COVID-19, are still vulnerable to being infected by a vaccinated person. During the Omicron period, among children whose mothers received 1 dose before pregnancy and 1 dose during pregnancy, VE against infection was 46% (95% CI: 23, 77) during the first 2 months of life, 16% (95% CI: 28, 50) during the first 4 months of life and 3% (95% CI: 32, 36) during the first 6 months of life compared with children whose mothers were unvaccinated (Supplemental Table4). * Information on the impact that booster or additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines have on preventing hospitalizations during Omicron predominance is limited. The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. Among these infants, for our main analysis, we excluded 21,891 (35.2%) based on maternal exclusion criteria and 10,412 (16.8%) after applying infant exclusion criteria (Fig. MB), Help with The efficacy of COVID 19 vaccines for reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 infection is demonstrated in real life. Messer, L. C. et al. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. GD declares that his employer UK Health Security Agency (previously operating as Public Health England) received funding from GlaxoSmithKline for a research project related to influenza antiviral treatment. Blakeway, H. et al. Maternal vaccination and risk of hospitalization for Covid-19 among infants. For children whose mothers received one dose before pregnancy and two doses during pregnancy, VE against infection was 89% during the first 2 months of life, 73% during the first 4 months of life, and 48% up to 6 months of life. The KPNC Institutional review board approved and waived consent for this study. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Razzaghi, H. et al. The data cannot be shared publicly because the data contain potentially identifying or sensitive patient information and is legally restricted by Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, as COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4. Mortal. J. Ferdinands, J. M. et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:108893. 40, e137e145 (2021). Wkly Rep. 71, 352358 (2022). Vaccine effectiveness for 1 dose during the first 6 months of life was 68% (95% CI: 12, 88) (Table2). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. part 56; 42 U.S.C. Sarah J. supervised chart reviews. Infect. Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection. We also conducted analyses based on the trimester during which the vaccine was received during pregnancy (first, second, or third trimester). This is in keeping with the age profile. CAS New federal data shows adults who received the updated shots cut their risk of being hospitalized with . N. Engl. Omicron vaccine effectiveness estimates for 7 to 59 days, 60 to 119 days, and 240 days or more after the second dose are not presented owing to imprecision in the estimates and wide 95% CIs (ie, 100 percentage points). TN, NMF, SFlax, MC, DDA, AMP, and ST conceptualised the work. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). J. And in a second large study during the Omicron period, older people, men, and residents of nursing homes or in low-income areas were most at risk for post-booster COVID-19 death in England, but the risk was very low. Three recent epidemiological studies found that vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during their first 4 months of life and a reduced risk of hospitalization during the first 5 months of life17,18,19. Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. Thompson, M. G. et al. Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. The vaccines have proved highly safe and effective at reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death. Rates cannot be stratified by pregnancy status because the underlying population of pregnant women in the catchment area is unknown. In all models, we used calendar days as the time scale to account for changes over time in SARS-CoV-2 circulation and vaccine uptake. Although the study was unable to directly estimate VE against hospitalization due to the small number of hospitalized cases, it found that over the entire study period, the incidence rate of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life was much lower among the infants whose mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with those whose mothers were not vaccinated. Arthur Reingold, Jeremy Roland, Ashley Coates, California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California; Breanna Kawasaki, Rachel Herlihy, Isaac Armistead, Madelyn Lensing, Jordan Surgnier, Sarah McLafferty, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment; Ann Basting, Tessa Carter, Maria Correa, Daewi Kim, Carol Lyons, Hazhia Sorosindi, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; Emily Fawcett, Katelyn Ward, Jana Manning, Asmith Joseph, Allison Roebling, Chandler Surell, Stephanie Lehman, Taylor Eisenstein, Suzanne Segler, Grayson Kallas, Marina Bruck, Rayna Ceaser, Annabel Patterson, Sabrina Hendrick, Johanna Hernandez, Hope Wilson, School of Medicine, Emory University, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Atlanta, Georgia; Jim Collins, Shannon Johnson, Justin Henderson, Sue Kim, Alexander Kohrman, Lauren Leegwater, Val Tellez Nunez, Sierra Peguies-Khan, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Kayla Bilski, Kristen Ehresmann, Richard Danila, Jake Garfin, Grace Hernandez, Kieu My Phi, Ruth Lynfield, Sara Vetter, Xiong Wang, Minnesota Department of Health; Daniel M. Sosin, Susan L. Ropp, Sunshine Martinez, Jasmyn Sanchez, Cory Cline, Melissa Judson, Florent Nkouaga, Mark Montoya, New Mexico Department of Health; Sarah Lathrop, Kathy M. Angeles, Yadira Salazar-Sanchez, Sarah A. Khanlian, Nancy Eisenberg, Dominic Rudin, Sarah Shrum Davis, Mayvilynne Poblete, Emily B. Hancock, Francesca Pacheco, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program; Yassir Talha, Celina Chavez, Jennifer Akpo, Alesia Reed, Murtada Khalifa, CDC Foundation, New Mexico Department of Health; Suzanne McGuire, Kerianne Engesser, Nancy Spina, Adam Rowe, New York State Department of Health; Sophrena Bushey, Virginia Cafferky, Maria Gaitan, Christine Long, Thomas Peer, Kevin Popham, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Julie Freshwater, Denise Ingabire-Smith, Ann Salvator, Rebekah Sutter, Ohio Department of Health; Sam Hawkins, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; Tiffanie Markus, Katie Dyer, Karen Leib, Terri McMinn, Danielle Ndi, Gail Hughett, Emmanuel Sackey, Kathy Billings, Anise Elie, Manideepthi Pemmaraju, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Amanda Carter, Andrea George, Andrew Haraghey, Ashley Swain, Caitlin Shaw, Laine McCullough, Mary Hill, Ryan Chatelain, Salt Lake County Health Department, Salt Lake City, Utah; Alvin Shultz, Robert W. Pinner, Rainy Henry, Sonja Mali Nti-Berko, CDC; Elizabeth Daly, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Stock, Jade Carruthers, Rachael Wood, Joshua Guedalia, Michal Lipschuetz, Ofer Beharier, Tobias Homan, Sara Mazzilli, Domenico Martinelli, Manaf AlQahtani, Xing Du, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Jussipekka Salo, Milla Hgg, Lauri Sksvuori, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Nature Communications Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. The TND, a case-control study, has been commonly used in studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and more recently COVID-19 vaccines. Weekly / March 25, 2022 / 71(12);466473. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Infections are rare and can be severe or fatal, but so far scientists don't see genetic changes that pose an increased threat to people. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of
A WHO spokesman says China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained. Experts say they. The average age of decedents was 83.3 years. PubMed Officials have received a growing number of reports of XDR Shigella, which is highly transmissible and resistant to commonly recommended antibiotics, in adults. Office of the Vice President for Research. KPNC members are similar to the broad catchment population in Northern California in terms of sociodemographic characteristics34. All adjustment variables were selected a priori based on prior work36. Finally, we conducted additional supplemental analyses to estimate VE among children whose mothers received at least one vaccine dose prior to pregnancy onset and at least one dose during pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 infections can result in COVID-19associated hospitalizations, even among vaccinated persons. N. Engl. E. & Klein, N. P. Effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis. Dis. 552a; 44 U.S.C. These results suggest that in addition to providing protection against testing positive, vaccination during pregnancy also provides protection against hospitalization (severe disease) in infants during their first 6 months of life as previously reported recently18,19. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. The average death rate among Americans over age 65 who contract the flu has ranged between 1 in 75 and 1 in 160 in recent years, according to the C.D.C. All rights Reserved. and JavaScript. We ran separate models on the time periods associated with the Delta (7/01/2021 to 12/20/2021) and Omicron variants (12/21/2021 to 5/31/2022). As infants aged, protection provided by maternal vaccination decreased during both periods. Between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022, we identified 62,117 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization. Our primary cohort analysis used calendar days as the underlying scale to ensure that we compared infants of vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers on the same calendar days because vaccination status during pregnancy and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied over the study period. 182, 825831 (2022). Pediatr. Marks, K. J. et al. To obtain Beginning the week of December 1925, 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant circulating variant in the United States (i.e., accounted for >50% of sequenced isolates). PubMedGoogle Scholar. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer, Office of the Vice President for Research | Contact U of M | Privacy Policy, Mary Van Beusekom | News Writer | CIDRAP News, Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles. Table 2. During Omicron predominance, shortly after the Food and Drug Administration authorized COVID-19 vaccination for this age group, population-based hospitalization rates among unvaccinated children were twice as high as were those among vaccinated children. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Saving Lives, Protecting People, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covid-net/purpose-methods.html, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255, https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30479, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic, Psychiatric admission requiring medical care. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by dividing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients by population estimates for race/ethnicity, and vaccination status in the catchment area. J. Obstet. The report shows people catching Omicron are: 31% to 45% less likely to go to A&E. 50% to 70% less likely to be admitted to hospital for treatment. Open 5, e2232760 (2022). Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. 1). J. Med. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. We conducted secondary sensitivity analyses restricting the population to infants who received at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. JAMA Netw. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Morb. SARS-CoV-2 delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness. Sect. We calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) as 100% multiplied by 1HR. But the average . 26 Among those fully vaccinated individuals 5 years of age who are booster eligible, only 49% have received a . Google Scholar. N. Engl. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.