The October Revolution, commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. The addition of the Ottoman Empire to the Central Powers of World War I in 1914 cut off essential trade routes for Russia. Why did Great Britain not have a political revolution in the 18th century? Kronstadt rebellion in 1921 by Red Army troops. The claim, of course, is hypocritical: anti-communism is . Why did the Mexican Revolution last so long? Why did people join the Cuban Revolution? This illness had killed her brother as a young boy. Why did industrialization happen in Russia after other countries, such as Great Britain? How did the Revolution of 1905 affect Russia? What happened as a result of the Russian Revolution? The second part of this question asks for the reverse statement: if proletarian revolutions are known to do so badly, what was different enough about the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War that followed it which allowed the Bolshevik Party to gain power and, surprisingly, keep it. These smaller employers could continue to opt for abusive labor policies. It was essentially the epic story of an impossible dream that turned in due time into a political and historical nightmare because of the interplay of a vast array of factors that included backward socioeconomic conditions, outside intervention, an absence of democratic traditions, and misconceived notions about socialism and democracy. The large gap in success rates means that the difference must dramatically affect each time of uprising. So how do we as historians cope with this narrative problem? What went wrong? [At Durham] Why was the Argentine Revolution successful? Its important to note that bourgeois revolutions do not have to have been orchestrated by the bourgeoisie to be categorized this way, however. In fact, it was not until the autumn of 1917 that Lenins land, peace, bread slogan had been embraced by some workers in St Petersburg and Moscow. The Russian people and Nicholas IIs father, Tsar Alexander III, largely disapproved of the marriage, but it was a rare love match, rather than a relationship arranged for political motivations. Bloody Sunday led, nearly immediately, to widespread rebellion. Type above and press Enter to search. The Bolshevik's goal was to destroy Russia's social system and replace it with a more superior one. The Russian empire was unlike any major European country but was nonetheless trying to catch up to countries like England and Germany. The October Revolution. Here I turn to a more famous and globally significant case: the Russian Revolution. Once their country became just another theater of the First World War, the Finnish proletariat were doomed. In fact, his influence was largely limited to the care and health of the child. The revolution of 1911 was a critical moment in Chinese history because of how it paved the way for the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949, an uprising that established the People's Republic of China. The Russian Revolution was the process by which the government was overthrown and replaced with a new government. A provisional government replaced the autocratic government of the Tsar; however, the government did not immediately withdraw from the war. Yes, the Russian Revolution was successful. Why was the Chinese Communist Revolution important? Why was the American Revolution important to global history? 2018 Oct 18 [cited 2023 Mar 4]. The fact is that the Russian Revolution is an event too significant to be ignored and Russians' disregard of the centenary may be damaging for their national consciousness. Afterward, Tsar Nicholas II created a lawmaking body called the Duma. Home Essay Samples History World History The Failure and Success of the Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution was a series of revolutions in the Russian Empire during 1917. Why was Russia considered an enslaved nation under Communism? They were also lucky as they had the majority in their parliamentary system the Constituent Assembly and were able to control other parties and political opponents in this way. What were soviets and what did they do? In response, many Russian people took to the streets in peaceful protests and marched to the . Why was the Spanish Revolution important? A shortage of military supplies and food during WWI. Before 1905, Nicholas II was, at least, tolerated by his people. However, the majority of bourgeois revolutions succeed and this is a very interesting paradox. Additional defeats followed. Grigori Rasputin was a mystical advisor and key figure in the court of Nicholas II, and he had a particularly close relationship with Tsarina Alexandra. Russia entered World War I relatively underdeveloped. Where do you want us to send this sample? On January 22, 1905, 150,000 people gathered to ask Nicholas II for his support and assistance. In the name of the great Soviet republic of labour, we declare war to the death on such a government! What did the Russian Revolution accomplish? What Russian revolution stopped Russia from participating in WWI? The events destroyed the Tsarist autocracy, and helped create the Soviet Union. This left Russia to be virtually a colonized nation and, as with many other bourgeois revolutions, lack of food was the main concern of the working class. Yes, the Russian Revolution was successful. What did Lenin promise during the Russian Revolution? Russian Revolution occurred in 1917 during the closing stages of World War I, which resulted in the withdrawal of Russia from the war and the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which replaced the country's longstanding monarchy with the first Communist state in the world. The effects on economy were the Czarist Rule, the Soviet Union was [], The authors, Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos purpose for writing, Sugar Changed the World is to inform readers how sugar was tied into families and many primary events in history. Why did Bolsheviks kill the Russian aristocracy? I think that the Russian Revolution was a success. WEB Russian Revolution on the Web Guide; WEB History of Russia and the former USSR [At Internet Archive] WEB The Vladimir Ilyich Lenin . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The Bolshevik Revolution was unsuccessful because they were not able to stop the White Terror and suppress all opposition with force, which eventually led to a breakdown of law and order in Russia and a civil war, which led them back into the hands of a monarchy again. I think that the Russian Revolution was successful because it ended feudalism and capitalism. A large part of their success came from their leadership and the result of this proletarian revolution would have been extremely different if Lenin and Trotsky had not been at the helm. The Russian Revolution . Other countries, including Germany, were able to produce adequate munitions, so Russias failure was the result of inadequate organization, administration, and infrastructure. Food, goods, and other essentials were scarce in Russian cities. Russia decided to withdraw from World War I because: (i) People were demanding peace. Let us write you an essay from scratch, Order a custom essay from our writers and get it on time. First, he appointed his inexperienced cousin as commander-in-chief of the army, then he planned an invasion of East Prussia. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the system of autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal Provisional Government ( Duma), resulting in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. Many left the land not by choice, but out of financial necessitythey were in need of work, and lacked the ability to support themselves on the land. Why was the Mexican Revolution Latin America's first social revolution? The failure of Bolshevism is a failure of the Russian Revolution. Rasputin has, over time, gained a particularly bad reputation. It is also the 4th largest city in the world, and is the first in size among all European cities. He is succeeded by his son, Alexander III, who enacts anti-terrorism measures that curb civil rights and freedom of the press. This involved around 400,000 peasants throughout Russia. It shaped the 20th century and made the dichotomy between capitalism and socialism its dominant paradigm.. In contemporary contexts, the Revolution is in some cases viewed as irrelevant or analyzed in a fragmented way. The government was reluctant to implement even the most minimal of regulations, like a ban on children working at night. Why was the Haitian Revolution important? It would not be until after the Romanovs were taken out of power in favor of a democratic leadership, and the bourgeois revolution successfully completed, that the transition to a peoples uprising would begin. Your time is important. Indeed, not long after the November elections, Lenin would ban several opposition newspapers and unleash a campaign of Red Terror against all class enemies (with the Social Revolutionaries being the first victims following their uprising in Moscow in early July 1918). The period after emancipation was the first time the lower classes of Russia had been free to leave the land on which they were born. What happened after the Russian Revolution in 1917? Moreover, on the Tuesday following the anniversary, a march was held in Red Square to commemorate Russias World War II victory, rather than the Revolution. In the end, it gave the Russian people an entirely new form of government. The Russian Revolution was successful because workers, soldiers, and peasants were able to wrest power away from the Provisional Government. The 1917 revolution in Russia is widely considered a classic example of successful violent revolt. (2019, Dec 03 . While the pre-war Russian Empire was one of the five Great Powers of Europe, it was the only one that was a net importer of capital rather than an exporter (Serge). Moscow was founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruki, a prince of the [], The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. During the latter part of the 19th century, Russia experienced a massive population increase. Revolution can be successful in just one country? Exploring The Boundaries Of Religious Privacy. Nicholas II inherited a country with severe problems, largely unprepared for a newly industrializing world. Russian soldiers in the trenches of World War I. Schmoop Military Defeat in World War I Russia entered World War I relatively underdeveloped. There are several issues that are particularly divisive, such as whether the October Revolution was a popular insurgency or essentially a coup, and whether Stalinism evolved naturally from the basic principles and political strategies of Lenin or was an unexpected development. Generally speaking, however, this revolution would also not have been possible without the the fullest and unreserved support from the entire mass of the working class (Riggins) and everyone involved in a leadership role was only too aware of this. With the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion, it became clear that Lenins concept of the vanguard party and his understanding of the dictatorship of the proletariat did not permit dissent of any kind and that a socialist political order was to be based on one-party rule. Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. The Manifesto was issued by Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918, ruled 1894-1917), under the influence of Sergei Witte (1849-1915), on 30 October [ O.S. Dreams are surely renewable, and a new world is waiting to be born, but the possibilities available to create an equalitarian, socially just, ecologically friendly, and decent society lie outside the ideas, practices and policies of the October Revolution. Russian monarchy had ended . 1882 Pogroms against Jews spread across the Russian Empire, leading to mass emigration of the Jewish population. Generally, Putin praises Stalin as a nation-builder and criticizes Lenin for allowing Soviet republics the possibility of secession, thereby failing to bind the union. While the country had taken significant steps forward in the 20 years prior to the war, it was distinctly less industrialized than its allies. In December 1916, Rasputin was first (perhaps) poisoned, then shot three times, wrapped in a rug, and thrown in the river. First, the February Russian Revolution toppled the Russian monarchy and established a Provisional Government. 17 October] 1905 as a response to the Russian Revolution of 1905. The legacy of the Russian Revolution obliges, one hundred years later, neither celebration nor mourning. Russian and American Revolutions. What was the Russian Revolution? Due to the birth of the international market and extensive industrial concentration, all the people liv. Bolshevism was a political and economic system that was established in Russia after the Russian Revolution. Airbus's original A320 was revolutionary for many reasons, including but not limited to side-stick flight controls, a fly-by-wire system, and cargo capabilities. Socialist Worker. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was an important event for the entire world, not only Russia. The Russian Revolution that occurred throughout the year in 1917 impacted the future for the Russian people by putting an end to a form of government, which had a very small chance of being successful. This comparison shows exactly how the Russian Revolution had to be different from other failed uprisings in order to succeed. Five months later, Russia was pronounced a republic. In early March of that year Tsar Nicholas II, who had ruled imperial Russia since 1894, abdicated. Is Anyone Helping Palestine? With this underway, the Bolsheviks demanded a restructuring of the government, as the democratically elected Duma, which had been created in place of the royal family, was not working out as they hoped it would. In many cases, these individuals were unqualified or even incompetent. Why did serfdom continue in Russia after being abolished elsewhere in Europe? What was the result of the Hungarian uprising against Soviet control? Why did the Bolsheviks kill the Romanovs? What happened during the Russian Civil War? This is called the Russian Revolution. The legacy of the Russian Revolution obliges, one hundred years later, neither celebration nor mourning. His unwavering intent to establish socialism in Russia, regardless of the ripeness of the social and economic conditions, and his firm conviction that only the Bolsheviks represented the true interests of the workers, would compel him to adopt strategies and policies that would soon deprive the Revolution of whatever potential it had originally had for the establishment of a new social order based on workers control of the means of production and democracy (which Lenin, sadly enough, associated with the dictatorship of the proletariat). The word conjures up an image of sudden and forceful change - tearing a society from one path of development into another. The soon-to-be new Tzar Joseph Visarionovich Stalin, regarded the New Economic Policy as the betrayal of the October Revolution. The Russian citizens were upset with Tzar Nicholas II because he was too busy on the frontlines, fighting World War I, to listen to their complaints and they had a lot, especially in regards to the lack of food. Inflation increased the cost of basic commodities, like food and fuel. Why was the Hungarian Revolution important? See full answer below. The Russian Revolution affected the economy greatly. Socialism quickly turned into yesterdays notion of modernity.. What was the slogan of the Russian Revolution? In The Russian Revolution, acclaimed historian Sean McMeekin traces the events which ended Romanov rule, ushered the Bolsheviks into power, and introduced communism to the world. Is It Illegal To Take Screenshots Of Conversations. It was the Civil War w. The Virtue of Inevitable Defeats Before the Russian Revolution, there was not a single successful proletarian revolution. During the latter part of the 19th century, Russia experienced a massive population increase. This decision would prove fatal during the Revolution. The failures of Bolshevism could have been prevented if Lenin had listened to Trotsky when he tried to make changes to Russias government or economy as he saw fit in 1924, but Lenin did not listen at all because he had his own ideas about how Russia should be run and he did not like what Trotsky had to say about those ideas so he ignored Trotsky, which caused much trouble for Russias government or economy during his time in power. Hence, the end of Stalinism and the collapse of Soviet communism (which in the course of its 74 years did manage to turn a backward country into an industrialised nation that was able to defeat Nazism and make undeniable advances on several economic, cultural, and social fronts) mark simply the end of a dream turned into a nightmare. Why was the Iranian Revolution successful? King Christian of Denmark [], We provide you with original essay samples, perfect formatting and styling. Feeding a larger population proved onerous for the agricultural community. What happened in October 1917 was the outcome of a well-designed strategy on the part of the leader (Lenin) of a minority party (the Bolsheviks) to wrest control from the provisional government because of a strong ideological aversion to bourgeois democracy and desire for power. The Bolsheviks banned them from meeting (BBC). Disheartened by the Bolsheviks dictatorial tendencies, a garrison of the key fortress of Kronstadt revolted in March 1921 against the communist government and the ideas of war communism even though the Kronstadt sailors had been, back in 1917, among the strongest supporters of the October Revolution and the idea of Soviet power. Even so, in the early 20th century, Russia was the largest exporter of food in the world. Nicholas II believed in the power of the Russian autocracy; however, he was unable to maintain the traditional power of the Tsar during his reign. Small Russian farmers lacked modern equipment and still relied upon traditional farming techniques, with lower production output. Slavoj Zizek, for example, believes that Lenins practice is out of sync with modern times. This is not an example of the work written by professional essay writers. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-failure-and-success-of-the-russian-revolution/. For the Bolsheviks and many in Russia, the war was simply not worth fighting. What conditions helped to bring about the Russian Revolution? On December 1st, the NYU Jordan Center hosted, Was the Russian Revolution a Failure?, a talk by Sheila Fitzpatrick, Professor at the University of Sydney and Distinguished Service Professor Emerita of the University of Chicago. Russians were either very poor or very rich. Become a member. This can be seen during the Cold War, as the United States promises to protect any country that is fighting against the spread of Bolshevism. Rasputin predicted Russian failure in World War I, and became even more hated during 1915 and 1916. Fitzpatrick accepted this point as a valid argument and reiterated the limitations that exist within the success/failure framework. Normally, the rejection or acceptance is silent and smooth. The leader of this government was Aleksandr Kerensky, who was eventually forced from power. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library, The Russian Revolution: Timeline, Causes & Effects. In 1905, Nicholas faced revolution in Russia for the first time. GradesFixer. Why was the Iranian Revolution widely supported? Then in October, a second Russian Revolution placed the Bolsheviks as the leaders of Russia, resulting in the creation of the world's first communist country. As one of the Bolshevik leaders, Bukharin, would declare, Is what you want a miserable little bourgeois parliamentary republic? In 1917, revolution would change the nation of Russia. Lenin himself admitted as much in a speech on October 17, 1921, when he said, we made the mistake of deciding to go over directly to communist production and distribution. It followed and capitalized on the February Revolution of the same year . Thus, in a way, this guilt resulting from lack of foresight about such a tumultuous event brings us back to the failure concept. Why did the Tsar survive the 1905 revolution? When Nicholas II left for the front in World War I, he left the German Tsarina Alexandra in charge of the government. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! In total, some 150,000 troops were lost in this single battle. In some areas, emancipation came later, with state-owned serfs not receiving their freedom until 1866. Let the ruling classes and their servants tremble before the Communist revolution. His revolution from above, launched in 1928 with the policy of collectivisation and dekulakisation (acampaign of political repressions, including arrests, deportations, and executions of millions of the more well-to-do peasants) reopened the gates of hell and converted Soviet socialism once and for all into a barbarous and murderous regime. Tsarina Alexandra was never popular with the people of Russia, even early in her marriage to Nicholas II. What happened after the Hungarian Revolution? Createyouraccount. On the centenary of the Great October Revolution, an objective evaluation on socialism and the legacy of Soviet communism gives no room for mourning or celebration. In reality, a huge chunk of the population lost their civic rights when they were let out of POW camps (Tepora). An In-Depth Look At The Reality Of Aid, Can Jello Cause Diarrhea? The revolution of 1905 was called the dress rehearsal of the Russian Revolution by political leader Leon Trotsky. A large number of former serfs sold their land back to the landowner to eliminate the payments, and moved away from the land. The middle class supported this separation, fearing that the Russian Bolsheviks would infect their country if they remained together. Karl Marx never had envisioned this for Russia. The October Revolution was not a coup in itself, but neither was it a popular uprising that enjoyed the kind of mass support that the February Revolution had. What Russian Revolution led to the creation of the Duma? Fitzpatrick contended that the collapse of the Soviet Union, and historians reactions, demonstrates a belief in historical inevitability. There exists a false logic that big events must be predictable. Just the fact of being able to explain history implies that there is an inevitability of events involved. The Russian empire was unlike any major European country but was nonetheless trying to catch up to countries like England and Germany. What happened during the Hungarian Revolution? Communism may come to mind when thinking about the Russian Revolution, however, the motivation of the Russian people was not really about Communism at all. Did the French Revolution result in civil war? It put the working class in power for the first time in history, and promised a world revolution to come which would abolish war, national oppression and exploitation forever. The talk was introduced by Joshua Tucker, Director of the Jordan Center, and Anne ODonnell, Assistant Professor of History and Russian and Slavic Studies at NYU. "Some argue that Russia was slowly evolving more modern political and social institutions, that it had a vibrant culture, a highly educated elite, that it had survived the upheaval of the 1905. Was the Soviet Union behind Cuban Revolution? What was the Cultural Revolution in Russia? When friends and family recently asked what I was working on, and I responded "an article on nonviolence and the Russian Revolution," most assumed I was joking. The Russian Revolution took place in 1917 , during the final phase of World War I. In this assessment, I will look at the long and short term causes of the 1905 revolution. They wanted relief, but not rebellion.