why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Edward VI - Wikipedia Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. Europe. LS23 6AD They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of 214 High Street, There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. 1558 -french threat. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Register for free, Home / CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. Doodle's Point of View his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. As such, I disagree with the statement. Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. Company Reg no: 04489574. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. What were the causes of westward In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. 2) This war was not a success. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. - Leith blockade. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. J. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u PDF Elizabethan England 155888. (Paper 2) Model - The Oakwood Academy Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. Elizabethan Religious Settlement - BBC Bitesize The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. - send 2000 to rebels. France was at war with England and Spain. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death | Britannica The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Henry himself gave people cause . July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. First English colony in Virginia established. The attack was a success. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Spanish invasion plans. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Boston Spa, 14-16 / This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. Apply for student finance without a bank account? - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. How far do you agree with the view that Elizabeth remained single The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. VAT reg no 816865400. By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. Foreign Affairs. West Yorkshire, He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . (*fragmentary*). The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. The early Tudors, 1485-1558 | Institute of Continuing Education (ICE) Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers Write a paragraph or two. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. 214 High Street, There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade.

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