Clinical findings: The rabbit weighed 1.0 kg (2.2 lb) and had a body condition score of 1.5/5. Ocular ultrasonography performed 4 weeks after the initial surgery revealed no flocculent material or other evidence of an abscess (Figure 2). There are over 15,022,000 records available in CAB Direct | Last updated on March 3, 2023, In early 2023 CAB Abstracts, Global Health and CABIs Database Subsets are scheduled to begin their migrating journey to our new platform CABI Digital Library. Stomatoscopy-aided dental trimming, tooth removal, and abscess debridement were performed. Eye abscesses - Home | Jonathan Wood Veterinary Surgeons It looks a lot better than the one bunny I've seen immediately post-enucleation. Welch WD, Lu Y-S, Bawdon RE. PDF Retrobulbar Problems in Rabbits - The Unusual Pet Vets RETROBULBAR ABSCESS IN A RABBIT 659. It is possible some teeth may need to be pulled. There are many investigations that are possible to perform in order to make a diagnosis of retrobulbar abscess; the first is the a physical examination. Therefore, ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) was added to the treatment regimen at the time of the first recheck (2 weeks after surgery), and treatment was continued for 21 days. Retrobulbar abscesses in rabbits - treatment avoiding enucleation. A 1-year-old sexually intact female Netherland dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with a 3-week history of signs of lethargy, decreased appetite, left unilateral exophthalmia, a resolved draining sinus from a left maxillary facial abscess, and bilateral nasal discharge was referred to the Exotic Animal, Wildlife, and Zoological Medicine Service at the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Causes of exophthalmia include orbital or retroorbital abscess, cellulitis, neoplasia, hematoma, orbital cyst (including Taenia serialis cyst), retrobulbar fat prolapse, salivary mucocele, myositis, lacrimal gland disease, foreign body, granuloma, and trauma.7-10 Exophthalmia must be distinguished from buphthalmia secondary to congenital glaucoma or other diseases such as uveitis, trauma, tumors, or Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection.11,12 Retrobulbar disease is the most common cause of exophthalmia in rabbits.7,12 Retrobulbar abscesses may be the result of endodontic infection, penetrating foreign bodies, local injury, or spread of infection from the bloodstream.13, Understanding rabbit dental anatomy and physiology is essential to diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of conditions involving the oral cavity. A retrobulbar problem is caused by something behind the eye pushing it outwards. Jenkins JR. Soft tissue surgery. Dental abscesses in rabbits are unusual in that they seldom produce hyperthermia, can become very large without producing apparent discomfort, and tend to encapsulate and progressively destroy surrounding bone. In addition, some lumps are not abscesses at all but rather tumors or cysts and may need immediate removal. Careers. Results of susceptibility testing revealed that no single antimicrobial was effective against both bacteria. Treatment for a retrobulbar meningioma includes exenteration to remove the affected globe and orbital contents, followed by radiation therapy. When the picture was taken, pressure was applied to the globe, which pushed pus out of the abscess into the mouth alongside the infected tooth. her face was extremely swollen and we thought she had a broken jaw. J Small Anim Pract. Oof, poor girl. An 18-gauge catheter was directed into the cavity, which was copiously flushed with 200 mL of warm sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Initial diagnostic tests included hematologic and plasma biochemical analyses, measurement of the serum Pasteurella multocida antibody titer,a cranial and thoracic radiography, ophthalmologic examination, and ultrasonographic examination of the globe and retrobulbar space in both eyes. 2005 Jan 15;130(2):50-3. CAB Direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, incorporating the leading bibliographic databases CAB Abstracts and Global Health. However, this does not mean that if you see a lump on your rabbits body that you should ignore it. #2. FOIA A mixed population with gram-positive and gram-negative bacilli and many degenerative polymorphonuclear cells was detected, consistent with bacterial infection. PDF Treatment of a retrobulbar abscess secondary to dental associated Harcourt-Brown FM. MeSH In:Lemox AM, ed.Rabbit and rodent dentistry handbook. Home page Questions and answers Statistics Donations Contact. Vet Ophthalmol 2002;5:227230. Abscesses result from damage to the skin, followed by the attack of pyogenic microorganisms or fungi that leads to cell destruction and invasion deeper in the tissue. Retrobulbar abscesses in rabbits cause exophthalmos withdrying keratitis, as well as periorbital inflammation. Above all, antibiotic-containing implants, which are introduced into the abscess cavity, show a high success rate. Eye abscesses - Forest Veterinary Clinic J Am Vet Med Assoc. [Fractures of the canines require attention]. Baumgartner JC. Table 1. A concurrent medical . Physical examination revealed generalized muscle atrophy, bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, and severe left-sided exophthalmia. It should be stressed, however, that no matter what treatment is chosen, it is vital to provide your pet with a healthy diet, daily exercise and a clean environment to enable the immune system to function at full capacity. Diagnosis and Management of a Retrobulbar Abscess of Periapical Origin Ultrasonography (scan) of the eye can be performed when the animal is conscious or under light sedation depending on the nature of the animal. Small hemostats were used to grasp the crown and rotate the molar around its longitudinal axis before elevating the tooth, in its entirety, into the oral cavity. National Library of Medicine Antimicrobials were flushed into the tooth abscess cavity, and antimicrobial treatment was initiated on the basis of cytologic findings and results of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing. Microbiological and molecular analysis of endodontic infections. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2006;9:657665. Andrews SE. Hernandez-Divers SJ, Murray M. Small mammal endoscopy. It is the bodys natural defences to try and wall off infection to stop it spreading elsewhere within the body. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the He has a retrobulbar abscess which we will be removing soon but I've noticed that recently there began to appear egg-shaped droppings. (See. I agree that a lot of the pics online for retrobulbular abscess are ridiculous and I can't imagine how the bunnies got that way. There are several different ways of treating abscesses in rabbits based on location, cause, size, overall health of the bunny and so on. Tyrrell KL, Citron DM, Jenkins JR, et al. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Atlantic Coast Veterinary Conference 2001, Advances in diagnosis and treatment of small exotic mammal dental disease, Clinical aspects of lagomorph dental anatomy: the rabbit (, A review of clinical conditions in pet rabbits associated with their teeth, Calcium deficiency, diet and dental disease in pet rabbits, Parathyroid hormone, haematological and biochemical parameters in relation to dental disease and husbandry in rabbits, Soft tissue surgery and dental procedures, Endoscopic assessment and treatment of cheek teeth malocclusion in pet rabbits, Endoscopy as an aid to the examination and treatment of oropharyngeal disease of small herbivorous mammals, Diagnosis and management of a retrobulbar abscess of periapical origin in a domestic rabbit, Microbiological and molecular analysis of endodontic infections, The use of calcium hydroxide in the treatment of abscesses in the cheek of the rabbit resulting from a dental periapical disorder, Peridontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses, Ophthalmologic diseases in small pet mammals, Departments of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, Departments of Anatomy and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, COPYRIGHT ASSIGNMENT AND Diagnosis and Management of a Retrobulbar Abscess of Periapical Origin Retrobulbar abscessation is the most common orbital disease of rabbits, and the lesions are notoriously difficult to treat successfully. These wounds must be left open to be flushed at least twice a day for several weeks. Rabbits, hares and pikas (lagomorpha). Although bacterial culture has low sensitivity and specificity because of the polymicrobial nature of endodontic infections and rabbit coprophagia, it is considered important in determining antimicrobial selection.29,34 Biopsy of the abscess wall was not performed because of the inaccessibility of the site with the endoscope introduced orally. Lobprise HB, Wiggs RB. If clinical resolution is not gained, enucleation may be performed instead. In many cases, enucleation is required to access the diseased tissues. The .gov means its official. Hence, a rabbit that presents for primarily ophthalmologic signs such as epiphora or exophthalmus should receive a full dental examination. government site. Lab Anim Sci 1987;37:6568. Rabbit eye disorders Mamoray cassette, Mamoray HDS, AGFA Corp, Greenville, SC. Complete surgical removal of the abscess along with correction of the cause gives the best chance for a complete cure. So, my boy is facing some health issues. The most common signs of a retrobulbar abscess are bulging of the eye, protrusion of the third eyelid across the eye and inability to close the eyelids completely. Selected drug dosages and clinical reference data. Fluorescein stainingf revealed a superficial corneal ulcer in the left eye. Legendre LFJ. 2nd ed. ago. He went in under the eye in hopes that he might be able to access the abscess without reomving the eye, but unfortunately that wasn't the case. In:Quesenberry KE, Carpenter JW, ed.Ferret, rabbits, and rodents: clinical medicine and surgery. Atlantic Coast Veterinary Conference 2001. The link was not copied. Would you like email updates of new search results? Hillyer EV. Two months after the initial surgery . Abscesses in rabbits. Article. Blackwell NJ. Access the worlds largest online veterinary resources, written by leading experts for 14 days. One problem is that the pus found in rabbit abscesses is thick, about the consistency of toothpaste, and does not drain easily when the abscess is opened. This is part of Dr. Browns Small Mammal Health Series. Aim of the article: This article provides a guide of normal eye anatomy, routine ophthalmic examination and common ocular conditions in this species. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of small exotic mammal dental disease. Occasionally this can be curative, but since the origin of the problem is very often related to dental disease, this will also need to be addressed. A second swab was used to obtain smears for Gram staining and cytologic analysis. 8600 Rockville Pike MeSH Abscesses treated in this manner have a high rate of reoccurrence, but it may be possible to provide at least some measure of relief for your pet for a period of time. If the surgery is not sufficient, it is possible the rabbit will be left with deformities or euthanasia may even be considered. Diagnosis and management of a retrobulbar abscess of periapical origin It was much harder on me than it was her. Exophthalmos - Rabbit - WikiVet English margin: 0;
HELP!! Although this radiograph shows a true DV view of the maxilla, the mandible was deliberately pushed away from the side of the . Dental abscess 01: submandibular.